DEVELOPMENT OF KOCH'S MINIATURE HEXAGONAL FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR 5G AND IOT APPLICATIONS

This study focuses on a compact hexagonal broadband antenna optimized for 5G millimeter-wave applications using Koch fractals to enhance performance. The research addresses the challenges of achieving high frequencies, expanding bandwidth, and reducing high-frequency interference, all critical for efficient 5G network operation. The antenna achieved a maximum gain of 5 dB at 27.58 GHz, with an impressive bandwidth range from 26.5 to 40 GHz. Koch fractal geometry and defective ground planes significantly improved impedance matching and broadened the bandwidth, offering superior performance over traditional designs. Key features include its compact size (9 mm by 9 mm) and a VSWR below 2 across the frequency range, making it ideal for millimeter-wave integration and applications in portable and wearable devices. The practical application of the antenna includes enhancing Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, meeting 5G standards, and millimeter-wave technology compatibility. This innovation is a significant advancement in antenna technology, offering great potential for next-generation wireless communication systems and paving the way for more reliable, high-performance networks.