Development of phenol compound production aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L) in vitro with adventive root culture.

Aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga Linn.) is a source of bioactive chemicals commonly used in traditional medicine (herbal medicine), phytopharmaceuticals, food and beverage flavorings, spices, and cosmetics. The main content of K. galanga is in the form of phenolic compounds, especially the phenylpropanoid group, such as flavonoids, ethyl-cinnamate and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. In the medical field, K. galanga has been used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, treatment for headaches, toothaches, rheumatism, antitumor and cancer, sedative, antimicrobial, and anthelmintic. Recent advances in plant biotechnology allow us to culture plant cells, tissues, and organs, not complete plants, to produce valuable secondary metabolites. Different types of auxins have different effects on the process of root culture induction and proliferation. Research on in vitro culture of K. galanga on the induction of dventitious roots in an effort to produce secondary metabolite compounds with adventitious root cultures of aromatic ginger plants has never been done. The research conducted aims to study the MS base media with the treatment of types and concentrations of auxins that are able to induce the formation of adventitious roots and proliferation of adventitious roots of K. galanga. and to determine the media with a combination of the use of types and concentrations of auxins that can induce callus proliferation with high biomass and the resulting callus contains phenol compounds. The research method used is an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial with two treatment factors, namely the type of auxin NAA, IBA and 2.4 D as the first factor and the second factor is the concentration of auxin each with a concentration of 1.0-3.0 mg.L-1 plus BAP each as much as 0 and 0.1 mg.L-1. Observation variables include adventitious root growth and secondary metabolite production in adventitious roots. The results showed that the treatment of the type of auxin had no significant effect on the variables of fresh weight callus and dry weight callus, and the induction of adventitious roots occurred in the treatment of IBA and NAA auxin types. The addition of cytokinin BAP had no significant effect on the variables of fresh weight callus, dry weight callus and adventitious root induction in callus. There was no interaction between cytokinin and auxin treatments on fresh weight callus and dry weight callus, and adventitious root growth. IBA and NAA auxin treatments showed a significant effect on the production of secondary metabolite compounds in K. galanga callus including total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and levels of Ethyl para-methoxycinnamate compounds formed, and showed better values compared to 2.4 D auxin treatment.