Thermoelectric Plants and Water Consumption in the State of Rio de Janeiro: Challenges and Solutions for A Sustainable Energy Matrix

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of the state of Rio de Janeiro to lead the national energy transition, focusing on the diversification of the energy matrix and the reduction of water consumption associated with thermoelectric plants. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a bibliographic review and data analysis from institutional sources to map the state's energy matrix and assess the impact of thermoelectric plants on water consumption. Results and Discussion: The study revealed an energy matrix largely dependent on fossil fuels, especially natural gas. Despite advances in the adoption of renewable sources, water consumption by thermoelectric plants remains high. The research discusses the technological, environmental, and social challenges for a sustainable transition, highlighting initiatives such as the use of solar and offshore wind energy. Research Implications: The implications of this study lie in highlighting the strategies of the state of Rio de Janeiro to take a leading role in the Brazilian energy transition, focusing on reducing water consumption in thermoelectric plants and diversifying the energy matrix. Originality/Value: This study stands out for consolidating and analyzing data from various official institutional sources, previously scattered across public and technical platforms. This integrated approach provides a comprehensive view of water consumption and energy generation, highlighting Rio de Janeiro's strategic role in mitigating environmental impacts.