«SPIRIT OF PLACE» AS AN INTANGIBLE FACTOR INFLUENCING SPATIAL PLANNING

The article explores the role of the «spirit of place» as an intangible factor in organizing urban spatial planning. It examines the significance of cultural heritage and national identity in shaping urban landscapes, describing how they foster a sense of belonging and attachment to a place. A method is proposed for integrating these factors into the urban planning process, enabling the creation of more sustainable and attractive urban spaces that resonate with historical and cultural contexts. The concepts of «city spirit», «spiritual comfort», and «architectural code» are analyzed in detail, highlighting their features and interconnections. The «spirit of place» is considered a key element that shapes the unique identity of a location, influencing people's emotional perception and behavior. The importance of considering historical, cultural, religious, and social aspects in the formation of the architectural environment is emphasized. Special attention is given to intangible aspects such as cultural heritage, traditions, folklore, and spirituality, which need to be integrated into urban planning decisions. This is particularly relevant in the context of post-war city reconstruction, where human needs, social cohesion, and the preservation of national identity should be prioritized. Methods for using the «spirit of place» to create or transform architectural environments that consider the needs of different population groups and promote the preservation of cultural uniqueness are also proposed. An analysis of contemporary studies reveals the necessity of developing clear recommendations for implementing innovative solutions that take into account the ecological, socio-economic, political-legal, historical, and cultural characteristics of Ukrainian cities. Equally important is the creation of approaches for involving the public in the process of urban space transformation and modeling practical applications of the «spirit of place» concept in architectural design. Integrating these approaches will allow for the creation of comfortable urban spaces with high aesthetic and cultural value, contributing to the formation of a positive city ensemble and enhancing the quality of life for residents. The research emphasizes the importance of preserving historical memory, which will foster a deep sense of national belonging among the Ukrainian people. The article proposes approaches that can form the basis for creating effective urban development strategies, taking into account the cultural and historical aspects that define the uniqueness of each place.