Economic and mathematical modeling of mountainous territories sustainable development

Introduction. Mountains territories play a key role in the sustainable development of the Russian economy, since the economy of flat territories largely depends on mountain resources. The successful solution of this problem largely depends on the methods used to form and implement the state financial policy. The purpose of the article is to develop a simulation management model that helps improve the efficiency of public financial decisions for sustainable development of mountainous areas of Russia using economic and mathematical methods of multidimensional data analysis. Statement of the problem and solution method. The task is to decompose regions of Russia, including mountainous territories, into clusters according to a vector assessment indicator that determines their ability to self-development, based on the application of the c-means method. Assessment of the development of mountainous territories. Currently, mountainous regions are lagging far behind in economic development. The authors have presented a list of subjects with mountainous terrain that are subject to subsidies. It is concluded that interbudgetary regulatory measures have a significant impact on changing the economic level of development of these territories. Research areas on the concepts of hard and soft budget constraints. It is shown that the works of Russian and foreign authors focus on issues of fiscal policy in solving spatial development problems. At the same time, the phenomenon of decentralization of public goods is considered as the most important factor in economic development. The author's position is formulated, which consists in assessing the feasibility of using an individual approach to the application of the concepts of «soft» and «hard» budget constraints based on the use of mathematical methods of multidimensional data analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of decomposition of Russian federal districts using the c-means method, clusters were built, which include territories with a high, medium and low degree of self-development. Recommendations are given for each cluster regarding the application of budget constraints concepts. Conclusion. The article proposes and tests an approach based on the use of economic and mathematical methods of multidimensional data analysis, which made it possible to develop a simulation model for making predictive decisions on interbudgetary regulation that contribute to increasing the effectiveness of financial policy for the sustainable development of mountainous areas in Russia. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The proposed approach, based on the application of economic and mathematical methods, allows for scientific and quantitative justification of decisions taken in the sphere of interbudgetary regulation and can be used in the process of financial policy forming aimed at sustainable development of mountainous regions of Russia.