Combustion of unsorted brown coals in small - sized furnace of manual boilers with new blast nozzle grate design

Introduction. Currently, heat supply facilities use low - quality brown coals with a high content of moisture, slag and mineral inclusions when burning. At the same time, the average efficiency level of hot water boilers for the period from 2018 to 2021 did not exceed 56%. In this regard, it is relevant to develop fundamentally new technical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of coal combustion in boilers with manual maintenance. The author of the article has developed a new design of the blast nozzle grate which is a fundamentally new technical solution and significantly improves the combustion processes with an increase in the efficiency of the combustion process and the furnace boiler as a whole. The purpose of the research: development and implementation of new technical solutions by the design of the blast nozzle grate with manual maintenance. Research methodology. Determination of the optimal parameters of low - grade fuel combustion to achieve maximum combustion efficiency. Comparing the results with traditional solutions and evaluating the advantages of the new design. The object of the study. The work of the furnace of the KVr-1.0 brand hot water boiler with a new design of the blast nozzle of the grate is investigated. Research results and discussion. The work solves a technical problem - to implement and evaluate the work of a new design of the blast nozzle of the grate. As a result of the assessment of the components of the thermal balance of boilers with a standard organization system and the introduction of nozzles that generate a pulsation of blast air, it was found that the operation of the combustion chamber and the boiler as a whole provides a reduction in fuel consumption by 18-20%. Conclusions. 1. The work is devoted to the practical study of the combustion of unsorted coal fuel in small - sized furnaces with manual maintenance. 2. The new design of the furnace device using a grate with nozzles, which creates a pulsation of blast air, showed a significant improvement in the performance of furnaces. The temperature in the combustion zone increases, which contributes to better combustion of fuel and a decrease in the temperature of the slag burning. 3. The research results can be useful for increasing productivity and reducing fuel costs in boiler plants of low thermal capacity of heat supply enterprises.