Evaluation of the Determinants of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. When not well controlled, it leads to long-term microangiopathic complications, including diabetic nephropathy. Against this backdrop, we set out to evaluate microalbuminuria and the clinical and biological factors associated with it in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This is a prospective, descriptive study including type 2 diabetic patients well followed at the Mark Sankale Center of the Abass Ndao Hospital in Dakar. Biochemical parameters (microalbuminuria, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose) were measured using enzymatic techniques with the Cobas 6000/c501® system (Roche, Hitachi, Germany). XLSTAT software was used to evaluate the data, and a value of p<0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. A total of 166 diabetic patients with a mean age of 54 ±13.9 years and a sex ratio of 0.50 were included in our study. Microalbuminuria was present in 40.36% of the study population. Among patients with unbalanced diabetes, 50.74% had positive microalbuminuria. When hypertension was associated with diabetes, microalbuminuria was positive in 61.19% of patients. In terms of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia was the only abnormality significantly associated with microalbuminuria (p<0.001). Microalbuminuria is an essential parameter in the detection of diabetic nephropathy. In our study, its occurrence was associated with several abnormalities, including unbalanced diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.