Carbon Farming, Climate Smart Agriculture Practice and Current Climate Change Mitigation Strategy- In the Case of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is among the countries vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to its mostly resilient on rain-fed agriculture, but currently started crop production by irrigation even if it is not done in large, and largely rural population. Carbon farming is an emerging agricultural practice focused at mitigating climate change by increasing the carbon sequestration potential of farmlands. Both climate-smart agriculture and carbon farming encloses different approaches such as agroforestry, cover cropping, and application of bio-char and no-till farming, all of which promotes soil carbon sequestration and improves soil health; which help capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in soil and vegetation. This system not only mitigates greenhouse gas emission but also fortifies ecosystem resilience through enhancement of soil fertility, water retention and biodiversity. By incorporating carbon farming into worldwide climate action frameworks, agricultural landscapes can evolve from being major sources of greenhouse gases to functioning as net carbon sinks. As scalable strategies to address climate change, carbon farming presents a dual advantage fulfilling the pressing requirements to reduce atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels while promoting sustainable agricultural practice and enhancing rural economies. Climate-smart agriculture has emerged as a paradigm shifting approach aimed at improving agricultural productivity, adapting to evolving climatic conditions, and mitigating to the emission of greenhouse gas emissions. This review accentuates the significance of climate-smart agriculture and carbon farming as a crucial strategy for Ethiopia to fulfill its national determined contributions under the Paris agreement, while simultaneously bolstering the resilience of its agricultural system. By scaling up both approaches, Ethiopia can attain a harmonious equilibrium between food security and climate change mitigation; ensuring sustainable development for the rapidly expanding population.