Systems Medicine and the Contribution of Low Dose Pharmacology in Paediatrics

The introduction of the diagnostic-therapeutic approach based on Systems Medicine into the medical scenario has allowed us to deeper investigate into the concept of the human organism as a set of interconnected networks. This wide vision, in addition to shedding new light on the interpretation of pathological manifestations, allows us to set up new therapeutic strategies based on the management of alterations in the networks identified as involved in the onset and progression of the disease. The tool that, to date, can allow to set up network regulation treatments is Low Dose Medicine, a therapeutic approach based on low-dose pharmacology. The use of low doses signaling molecules is the physiologically most appropriate option for the management of network alterations. In the pediatric field, numerous experiences have confirmed the validity of this approach. A preclinical study and a Delphi Consensus have provided clear evidence on the action mechanism and clinical application of a low-dose medication (Citomix<sup>®</sup>) for the prevention and early treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Infections. The consensus was based on preclinical data and was aimed to collect clinical experiences with Citomix<sup>®</sup> about the biological capacity to modulate the immune response in the presence of infectious agents. The cornerstone of the consensus was the validation of the use of Citomix<sup>®</sup> as an option for the prevention and early add-on treatment of RRIs; the positive result which emerge from the vote of the statements constituting the consensus confirmed the validity of the investigated option.