Effects of Encapsulated Nano-Chitosan Derived from Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) Ethanol Extract on Blood Glucose, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Levels in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Introduction: Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) flower ethanol extract has been reported to have antihyperglycemic activity and encapsulation of the ethanol extract into nano chitosan-tripolyphospate are believed to have a better delivery system for their bioactive substances. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nano chitosan-Etlingera elatior ethanol extract in reducing blood sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as boosting superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in hyperglycemic rats induced by streptozotocin. Methods: This study used a randomized post-test only control group design to observe blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as markers of oxidative stress. The chemical constituents of the extract were analysed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The nano chitosan-Etlingera elatior ethanol extract used has the characteristic a zeta potential value of -16.2.80 mV and a particle size of 312.7 nm. Results: The antihyperglycemic test conducted on rats induced with streptozotocin revealed that the oral route of nano chitosan-based extract improved oxidative stress parameters. The oral route of the nano chitosan extract at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day provided the best result in reducing blood glucose and MDA levels while boosting SOD level in hyperglycemic rats. Conclusion: The nano chitosan-Etlingera elatior ethanol extract is effective in decreasing blood glucose and malondialdehyde as well as increasing superoxide dismutase level in hyperglycemic rats induced by streptozotocin. Nano extracts created by encapsulating bioactive substances have significant potential for development as a delivery system for bioactive compounds in the medical field.