Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Glucose Homeostasis through High-Fiber Dietary Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Management

This study investigates the role of dietary modulation in shaping gut microbiota and its subsequent effects on metabolic regulation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Over an 8-week period, participants were divided into four dietary groups (CS, TS, CE, and TE), with the TE group receiving a high-fiber diet designed to support diverse microbial growth. Analysis showed a 24% increase in microbial richness in the TE group, achieving 235 observed OTUs at a sequencing depth of 30,000 reads, in contrast to 190 OTUs in the control group (CS). The TE group also exhibited a Gini-Simpson index of 0.88, indicating a balanced microbial ecosystem with reduced dominance of specific taxa, compared to 0.72 in the CS group. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated a distinct microbial clustering in the TE group, reflecting a community composition associated with enhanced metabolic stability. Metabolically, the TE group showed an 18% reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and a 15% increase in serum insulin, underscoring the high-fiber diet’s role in promoting glucose homeostasis. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of dietary strategies in modulating microbiota for improved metabolic outcomes in T2DM. Further investigation into these mechanistic pathways is recommended to refine dietary interventions for metabolic health.