Neuroprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Operculina turpethum roots in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex pathways leading to neuronal damage. Neurotoxicity, resulting from exposure to harmful agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs, heavy metals, dietary additives, illicit substances, and radiation, contributes to conditions like AD. This study explored the neuroprotective potential of an ethanolic extract of Operculina turpethum (EEOT) roots in rats subjected to AD induced by aluminum chloride. Wistar rats weighing between 230 to 250 g were used to investigate neuroprotective effects. Disease induction was achieved through AlCl3 treatment, while therapeutic intervention was provided with EEOT root at low and high doses. The extract was administered orally once daily, mirroring the dosing schedule of the conventional AD medication, rivastigmine. Neuroprotective outcomes were evaluated through multiple parameters, including antioxidant enzyme levels (Catalase, SOD, LPO), total brain protein content, acetylcholinesterase activity, and behavioral assessments of motor learning, spatial learning, exploratory behavior, and cognitive function. The results demonstrated that EEOT root enhanced muscle strength (rotarod test) and improved learning ability (Morri’s water maze test). Additionally, the EEOT root reduced anxiolytic-like exploration in the Hole board test. The results suggest that EEOT roots may help protect neurons, possibly mitigating the damage caused by aluminum chloride by lowering oxidative stress. This protective effect is likely linked to the preservation of normal acetylcholinesterase activity, which helps maintain cholinergic function. According to this study, EEOT roots may have applications as neuroprotective agents.