Methodological foundations for the construction and comparison of regional and intersectoral energy equivalent balances

Introduction. For the development of mountainous areas in the context of social and environmental responsibility, it is necessary to develop management methods based on measurable values. The paper proposes a methodology for calculating inter - industry balances when comparing monetary and energy indicators for managing the development of regions. Materials and methods. An overview and substantiation of the system - energy approach is presented. The difference between the assessment of the efficiency of the population in monetary and energy units is considered. The calculation of the input - output balance is considered on the example of subsystems of the agro - industrial complex, which ensure the production of agricultural products and are connected by mutual supplies. The developed network model makes it possible to carry out calculations when the structure of links changes, for example, when new industries appear, when old industries are liquidated. The example shows the division of the balance into subnets and the calculation in parts, which speeds up the balance calculations, providing a solution to the big data problem. Statistical data on the socio - economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, data from international and Russian information and analytical agencies and statistical departments (UN, World Data Bank, BP statistics and others) were used. The example shows that the assessment of the effectiveness of the Russian population in 2023 is more than one, the world average. A similar valuation in monetary units gives a value significantly less than one. These results show that the use of energy indicators provides a more adequate, measurable assessment of a country’s performance. Such an assessment is more in line with the real situation of growth in the Russian economy than an assessment based on the use of monetary units. Discussion. The assessment of efficiency using energy indicators is more in line with the real situation of growth of the Russian economy than the assessment based on the use of monetary units. This provides the basis for management at the macro level of the economy. Splitting the network model of the balance sheet of large enterprises and industries into subnets and calculating in parts speeds up balance calculations by providing real - time management. Conclusion. The use of energy indicators and the network model of input - output balance makes it possible to use the results of the study for the scientific, informational and analytical substantiation of a number of decisions in the work of public authorities for managing the region. Resume. An approach to solving a number of problems of development management in regional and sectional systems is presented on the basis of the system - energy approach and the network model of input - output balance. Proposals for practical application and directions for future research. The results of the study can be used for decision - making in the work of public authorities in terms of solving a number of information and analytical problems of regional management, including the sustainable development of mountain areas, which have specific characteristics associated not only with geographical and natural - climatic conditions, but also with the features of the historical isolation of culture, economy and infrastructure. Prospects for further research are associated with the creation of a digital twin of a regional system (digital model), multi - agent modeling of its states (balances and imbalances), when elements with a given individual behavior and characteristics function in a single environment and interact to achieve goals. This will make it possible to virtually study and predict the behavior of systems of different levels based on the energy equivalent; to solve the problems of integral assessment of states and support of decision - making.