Purchased Nationality: A Functional Approach to Address the Risks Associated with its Recognition by Other States and the Exercise of Diplomatic Protection

This paper focuses on reviewing the validity of citizenship by investment programmes with international law. This paper will demonstrate that what the Second Judgement of the Nottebohm Case of the International Court of Justice really intended was to rule against naturalizations granted contrary to the general principle of law prohibiting abuses of rights. Moreover, this paper will provide a functional approach to citizenship by investment programmes that will enable States to attract investors while naturalizing them in accordance with international law, as they will generate significant links, avoiding the risks associated with the recognition of their nationality by other States and within the scope of diplomatic protection.