Production and Evaluation the Pharmacokinetic Effects of Probiotic Mouthwashes and Their Impacts on Periopathogenic Bacteria in Vitro

Background: In this study, the pharmacokinetic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rh) and Lactobacillus reuteri (L.r) mouthwashes were investigated and the effects of these two bacteria on the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) and Purofiromonas gingivalis (P.g) were compared. The results indicated which of the following probiotics has the inhibitoriest effect on priopathogens. Materials and Methods: Two types of mouthwash containing two probiotics; L. reuteri and L. rhamnosus, were produced. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of each of the probiotic strains in the mouthwashes, tests for hydrogen peroxide resistance, lysozyme resistance, quantitative calculation of organic acids, and disk diffusion were performed. The Antipathogenic test was also performed to determine the extent of growth inhibition of the mouthwashes against the periopathogens of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results: L. rhamnosus probiotic was more resistant to hydrogen peroxide but less resistant to lysozyme enzyme than L. reuteri. The production of organic acids after 72 hours of incubation at 37 ͦ C in the L. reuteri strain was significantly higher than the L. rhamnosus. The amount of growth inhibition zone formed by the periopathogenes was detected. Both strains of lactobacilli used in the mouthwashes had good resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion: L. reuteri had a higher resistance to the enzyme lysozyme. However, due to the higher production of organic acids and the possibility of its negative impact on the structure of tooth enamel, the use of this bacteria is not ultimately desirable to maintain oral hygiene. According to the data of this study, due to the high resistance of L. rhamnosus to hydrogen peroxide and antibiotics and its greater effect on periopathogenic strains, the use of this bacteria in comparison with L. reuteri in the laboratory environment has more advantages.