Impact of Different Diabetes Treatments on Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

This paper aims to investigate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism changes in diabetic individuals undergoing various therapies compared to clinically healthy individuals. Given that carbohydrate metabolism disorders often lead to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disorders, the study measures biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol to achieve its aim. 166 individuals between the ages of 30 and 49 participated in the study and were split into four groups: clinically healthy controls, diabetics receiving diet therapy, diabetics receiving oral antidiabetics, and diabetics receiving insulin. Following a 12- to 14-hour fast, blood samples were examined for glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL cholesterol. The study found significant differences in the concentrations of biochemical parameters between diabetic patients and healthy controls. Diabetic patients treated with insulin exhibited the highest levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, followed by those treated with diet, oral antidiabetics, and the control group. HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were lower in diabetics compared to controls, except for those treated with insulin, who had higher LDL cholesterol levels. In contrast to the 30-39 age group, the 40-49 age group showed the highest parameter values. The findings highlight that different diabetes treatments significantly impact lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, with insulin treatment showing the most pronounced effects. These results suggest the need for personalized treatment strategies to manage diabetes effectively, particularly in mitigating cardiovascular disease risks associated with lipid metabolism disturbances.