Histopathophysiolgy Revisions the Induced Eczema in Albino Rats That Treated With Lanolin and Glycerin With Vaseline

Background: Anolin, also known as wool wax, is an oily product secreted by the sebaceous glands beneath the skin of sheep. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and skin-protecting properties, making it a potential agent for treating skin conditions, such as eczema. Objectives: This study evaluates the healing efficacy of lanolin in an experimental model of eczema induced in albino rats. The primary objective of this study is to assess the potent healing role of lanolin compared to glycerin in the treatment of acetone-induced eczema in albino rats. Specific aims include evaluating histopathological changes and measuring the reduction in inflammatory cells in the treated skin. Methods: A total of 48 mature albino rats (weighing 250-350 g) were randomly assigned to two groups, namely a control group and an eczema group induced by applying 99.9% pure acetone to shaved skin using cotton swabs. After three days of acetone application, the eczema group was further divided into two equal subgroups (16 rats each), treated with either glycerin or lanolin. After 24 h, five rats from each subgroup were sacrificed for initial assessment. The remaining rats continued their respective treatments for an additional 72 h before being sacrificed on the third day. Histopathological analysis was conducted to compare tissue sections of eczematous skin with control sections, focusing on changes in the epidermal layer, the presence of fissures and cracks, aggregation of inflammatory cells, keratinization, and skin color changes. Results: Histopathological examination revealed significant changes in the eczematous skin compared to control sections. These included noticeable thickening and elongation of the outermost skin layer, fissures, cracks in the epidermal layer due to skin dryness, and an aggregation of inflammatory cells. Additionally, keratinization of the epithelial layer and changes in skin color were observed. After 72 h of treatment, the lanolin group exhibited optimal healing effects compared to the glycerin group. The outermost layer of the skin returned to its normal length, and there was a marked decrease in the number of inflammatory cells in the lanolin-treated group. Conclusion: Lanolin has a superior healing effect compared to glycerin in the treatment of acetone-induced eczema in albino rats. Lanolin effectively restored the skin’s outermost layer to its normal length and significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for eczema.