Women, Peace, And Security: Progress And Challenges In Global Leadership And Policy

The inclusion of women in peacebuilding, leadership, and security frameworks has been a significant focus of international policy since the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008). These resolutions marked a turning point by recognizing women’s critical role in conflict resolution and the prevention of sexual violence as a weapon of war. However, significant challenges remain. Women continue to face systemic exclusion from leadership roles, marginalization in peace negotiations, and persistent violence that undermines their agency and rights. This article examines five key areas critical to advancing the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda: (1) women’s participation in peace processes, (2) ending impunity for violence against women (VAW), (3) prevention through empowerment, (4) intersectionality and inclusion, and (5) data-driven policies and accountability. Realworld examples, such as the UNITE to End Violence Against Women campaign, India’s Bell Bajao initiative, and the Generation Equality Forum (2021), demonstrate both the progress achieved and the gaps that persist. The findings underscore the need for a holistic, intersectional, and inclusive approach to gender equality that combines grassroots activism with sustained international commitments. By addressing structural barriers and fostering accountability, women’s leadership can drive sustainable peace and security worldwide. Achieving gender parity in peacebuilding is not merely a moral imperative but a strategic necessity for achieving inclusive, long-term development