Seasonal and Geographical Features of the Vertical Structure of Temperature Trends in the Earth’s Atmosphere (in the 0–30 km Layer) Assessed Using Radiosonde Data

Information about the vertical structure of trends in the atmospheric air temperature obtained from observations is necessary to study climate change. The paper presents the series of the first- and second-order trends in air temperature at standard heights in the 0–30 km atmospheric layer above sea level. Trends are obtained from radiosonde observations over the period of 1964–2018 for different months, seasons, and for the year as a whole for the earth and for the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The goal of this paper and some other research papers is to show the longtime changes in the atmosphere for the main aerological values over one period of observations. Results of observations from the Comprehensive Aerological Reference Data Set (CARDS) global aerological dataset that were updated with the current data from RIHMI-WDC are used in this research. The Akima cubic spline interpolation method is used to calculate air temperature values on the basis of standard pressure levels and specific points of vertical profiles. The linear trends are estimated for each station by using the least squares method. The statistics obtained for all stations are averaged taking into account the area of the station influence. The following is found for the earth and for both hemispheres. The vertical macrostructures of the first-order and second-order linear trends in air temperature anomalies are not uniform in the 0–30 km atmospheric layer above sea. Warming at 0–8 km and cooling at 16–30 km are detected for all months. When approaching 2018, the highest intensifying in air temperature changes is fixed at 6–10 and at 14–16 km for the year as a whole. The corresponding trends are detected with confidence level of more than 95%.