Contribuciones de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) en la planificación urbana sostenible

The article reviews the contributions of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in sustainable urban planning, highlighting their relevance in resource management and informed decision making for the development of resilient cities. Through a literature review, we analyze studies that show how GIS facilitate the optimization of water and energy distribution, the identification of risk areas, and the planning of transportation and waste collection routes. These systems allow the integration of geospatial data in real time, facilitating decision making that promotes sustainability. However, GIS implementation faces significant challenges, such as lack of up-to-date data, high costs, and the need for trained personnel. Overcoming these barriers is fundamental to maximize the potential of GIS in urban contexts, especially in areas with economic and technical constraints. In conclusion, GIS are strategic tools for achieving sustainable urban development, although their optimal application requires improvements in data infrastructure and professional training in geospatial technology.