DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS TERHADAP POSTUR DAN AKTIVITAS OTOT: SEBUAH TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

The use of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) has rapidly expanded across various sectors, including entertainment, education, healthcare, and training. HMDs provide real-world simulations that enhance learning processes, surgical simulations, and doctor training, and are effective for industrial training. However, the use of these devices can negatively impact posture and muscle activity, posing a risk of increased muscle strain and injury to the musculoskeletal system. This study aims to evaluate the effects of HMD use on posture and muscle activity by analyzing articles published between January 2019 until September 2024. Through the PRISMA method, 15 final articles from Scopus database were analyzed, including aspects of HMDs, physical characteristics, experimental characteristics, and impact of use on posture and muscle activity. The results indicate that the use of non-ergonomically designed HMDs can increase muscle strain in the neck, back, and eyes, as well as affect body posture. Several factors influencing this impact include headset weight, visual effects, field of view, and user body movement. The analysis showed that lighter and ergonomically designed headsets can reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and improve user comfort. Visual effects and field of view of HMDs also play a key role in reducing muscle strain, especially through visual feedback and postural interaction with an optimal field of view. Ergonomic adjustments, such as user body movement, can help alleviate discomfort and reduce injury risk. This study’s findings provide recommendations for developers to consider ergonomic factors in HMDs design in VR or AR to create safe and comfortable user experiences.