Features of the Surface Temperature Regime over the Globe in 2022

The state of the surface temperature regime of the Globe in 2022 and its variability in 1901–2022 are considered. Based on station instrumental observations, the main temperature anomalies of 2022 (base period 1991–2020) and their trends are analyzed. It is shown that, globally, 2022 was the sixth warmest year according to “land + sea” data (HadCRUT5 dataset), sixth/seventh according to “land” data (T3288/CRUTEM5 dataset), and fifth according to “sea” data (HadSST4 dataset). Across the Globe, with (HadCRUT5 dataset) and without (T3288 dataset) oceans, positive temperature anomalies accounted for more than 70% of all local data; of these, ~30% were above the 95th percentile (5%-extremes of heat), including ~10% that were record-breaking for their locations (absolute maxima). This situation arose mainly due to the northern parts of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans (2022 was a record-warm year in these regions) and Eurasia (the second warmest year on record). Negative anomalies (~20% of all data) were also observed both on land and in the oceans. On land, these were Australia (12% of stations recorded 5%-extremes of cold), central North America, Southeast Asia, South America (except the center), and southern and central Africa. In the oceans, negative anomalies were observed in the tropical latitudes of the Pacific and Indian oceans. The linear trend estimates for 1976–2022 confidently confirm the ongoing warming trend: positive trends account for about 97% of all local estimates. The highest warming intensity is observed, on average, in the Arctic latitudinal belt (0.57°C/10 years) and in Europe (0.49°C/10 years). The period after 1995 (and especially after 2000) can be defined as a stable extremely warm period. Thus, after 2000 there was only one case (January to February 2008) when the probability of not exceeding the average monthly values of global temperature was below 70%.