PROBLEMS OF PREVENTING EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM AMONG CONVICTS IN INSTITUTIONS OF THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article examines criminal legislation norms focused on addressing extremism and terrorism issues within the penal enforcement system. It confirms that prevention strategies rely on a combination of state and public measures for effectiveness. Results indicate significant attention to combating extremism and terrorism, with a general decline in related crimes. However, the penal enforcement system in Kazakhstan requires improvement, given the public's distrust and the demand for reliable information on state actions against extremism and terrorism in prisons. The analysis reveals a dual approach to preventing extremism and terrorism in prisons: halting the radicalization of convicts and implementing special measures for social rehabilitation, promoting a rejection of radical ideology. It emphasizes that prevention is secondary to punishment, posing challenges during the sentence-serving period, where a blend of diverse influence methods is necessary. Recent studies, including our research, stress the importance of information about extremist ideology involvement both within and outside prisons. Strengthening transparency, information dissemination, personnel training, utilizing preventive mechanisms, respecting prisoners' rights, and upholding democratic values are crucial aspects for the penal enforcement system.