Mechanical Properties of Chromium Steel Drills in the Context of Durability and Safety of Use

Abstract This article presents the research results on the influence of heat treatment of chromium steel, used in the production of drill bits, on their mechanical properties and operational safety. The analyses revealed that the steel used in manufacturing the studied drill bit underwent hardening and tempering processes, which affected its structure and hardness. The presence of tempered martensite and manganese sulfides was observed, which, although not having a destructive impact on the steel’s properties, may limit the formation of undesirable iron sulfides. Additionally, a layer with reduced hardness was identified on the working surface of the drill bit, suggesting the possibility of tool overheating during operation. During the tool’s use, complex mechanical stresses, such as torsional, compressive, and bending stresses, may accumulate in areas prone to damage, especially at the interface between the tooth and the drill bit shank. The article emphasizes the importance of proper tool usage, including adjusting pressure and drilling angle and maintaining optimal operational conditions to ensure safety and durability. The research findings aim to enhance workplace safety and improve the performance of cutting tools in materials engineering.