Assessing the Impact of the Taliban's Return to Power in Afghanistan on Pakistan's National Security and Foreign Policy

The Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021 caused major shifts in the region, particularly impacting Pakistan's security and diplomacy. The rapid collapse of the Afghan government and the Taliban's return to power led to an oppressive regime with strict interpretations of Islamic law, limited rights for women and minorities, and a worsening humanitarian crisis. The country faced poverty, starvation, and human rights abuses, while the economy deteriorated due to the loss of foreign aid. For Pakistan, the Taliban's return led to increased militancy and cross-border terrorism, particularly from Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), as the open Durand Line border heightened tensions. Pakistan also faced a growing refugee burden. On the international front, Pakistan strengthened ties with China through CPEC, while relations with the US and NATO strained over terrorism and Taliban support. The situation also worsened Pakistan's relationship with India, especially concerning Kashmir. This study explores the broader implications of the Taliban's resurgence on regional security, human rights, and foreign relations, focusing on the consequences for Pakistan.