Bioceramics and Biomaterials in Bone and Dental Tissue Engineering: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review of Current Advances

Background: The use of bioceramics and bioactive coatings in dental and orthopedic implants has significantly advanced in recent years. This systematic review evaluates the impact of material innovations, including zirconia-toughened alumina ceramics, hydroxyapatite coatings, and advanced nanocomposites, on osseointegration, bioactivity, and mechanical performance.Objective: To synthesize current evidence on bioactive coatings and bioceramic composites with a focus on their role in improving osseointegration and long-term implant performance.Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published from 2000 to 2023. Keywords such as bioceramics, osseointegration, bioactive coatings, and zirconia implants were used. Articles were screened, and data were extracted to assess material properties, clinical outcomes, and comparative performance.Results: The review identifies key advancements, such as the role of bioactive glass coatings in promoting osteoinduction and the integration of nanoscale fillers for improved mechanical stability. Enhanced osseointegration with hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants and the promising applications of zirconia in aesthetic restorations were highlighted.Conclusion: Material innovations, including bioceramic composites and advanced coatings, demonstrate substantial potential in enhancing implant longevity and patient outcomes. This study underscores the necessity for multidisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between material science and clinical application.