Variations in hemoglobin levels among PLWH undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Haemoglobin levels are critical biomarkers that reflect oxygen transport and metabolic health, particularly in individuals living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ARV). This scoping review explores the interplay between hemoglobin variations, ARV regimens, and health outcomes in PLWH populations. Studies demonstrate that hemoglobin levels directly influence treatment efficacy and overall well-being. Evidence highlights that ARV regimens such as zidovudine are strongly associated with alterations in hemoglobin levels due to their hematological effects. Nutritional interventions, including iron and folate supplementation, have shown promise in supporting hemoglobin production and mitigating adverse outcomes. The findings underline the need for comprehensive strategies combining ARV regimen adjustments, nutritional therapy, and regular monitoring to improve quality of life and treatment adherence among PLWH patients.