THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE: ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO INCREASE CROP SUSTAINABILITY

The results of many scientific studies prove the impact of climate change on agriculture. However, there is no definitive conclusion about what the future holds for agriculture. The consequences of such changes will most likely be manifested at the regional level, which will require adaptation of agriculture in the relevant territory. The purpose of the study is to assess changes in agroclimatic indicators and analyze their impact on the yield of agricultural crops. The work was carried out by statistical processing of agroclimatic data of ten meteorological stations of Ukraine for the years 2018–2023. and indicators of productivity and gross harvest of agricultural crops for 1923–2023. For a more accurate interpretation of the results, we used a paired regression analysis using the Pearson coefficient and Fisher's F test. The greatest positive effects of climate change in the form of an increase in the duration of the growing season and, accordingly, an increase in the potential productivity of agricultural crops can be expected for the northern territories. These regions themselves were in the war zone, and over the sixty-year period, the tendency to increase climatic parameters related to agriculture was noted. The most significant changes were also noted in the agro-climatic region, the territory of which is mainly located in the Carpathian mountain massif. At the same time, the yield of open ground vegetables increased from 3.6 to 31.4 t/ha, there are positive trends in harvesting potato tubers per unit area. Standardization of drought screening has been shown to increase yield stress heritability to values similar to those obtained for yield under well-wet conditions. Currently, it has been proven that drought-resistant varieties can be bred by direct selection for yield under stressful conditions. Currently, many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought tolerance have been identified in rice, but only a few of them are suitable for use in marker breeding. However, the identified genes of high drought tolerance can be effectively used in drought tolerance breeding. The use of molecular markers will increase the effectiveness of selection work.