Impact of Extreme Weather Parameters on Optimum Sizing of Solar Photovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study

The performance of an off-grid solar Photovoltaic (PV) system with Battery Energy Storage (BES) depends on the system's location. Incorporating climatic variables such as solar irradiance, ambient and cell temperatures into the modelling of PV systems helps predict the system's appropriate behaviour. The paper discusses the impact of variations in seasonal irradiance, temperature, and system location on the optimum sizing of a standalone solar PV-BES system for minimum total annual cost using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization. Three locations: Pune (Maharashtra), Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India, and Rafsanjan (Iran) with extreme weather conditions (winter and summer) are identified to analyze the effect for optimum sizing of PV-battery energy systems. In addition, the optimum system sizing is analyzed for lead acid and lithium-ion batteries for both seasons. The results indicate that the system's size and cost are significantly affected due to changes in location, temperature, and seasonal irradiance. Assuming the same load demand in both seasons, the number of lithium-ion batteries required is less than that of lead acid batteries, proving their cost-effectiveness. The study gives a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the PV-BES system considering climatic variations at three locations for two battery chemistries.