Features of the narrative structure of G. d'Annunzio's novel "The Innocent" in the light of the theory of psychoanalysis Z. Freud's

The presented work examines the novel "Innocent" by Gabriel d'Annunzio (Gabriele D'Annunzio "L'innocente", 1892) is one of the most famous and scandalous Italian authors of the 20th century. The main focus of the research is on the analysis of the narrative structure of the novel through the use of Sigmund Freud's concept of psychoanalysis. Thus, the focus of attention falls on: the motif of sleep and dreams, as well as artistic details that become especially important in the light of Freud's concept (for example, the image of a candle). Special attention is paid to the analysis of the artistic space of the novel – its division into toposes and loci (Venice, Rome, the estate of the hero, etc.). An important category is also initiation, which allowed to give a new interpretation to the relationship between the hero and his wife and the murder of a child. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific cognition, in which general scientific and private scientific methods are used. The biographical method made it possible to establish links between the biography of the authors and the features of their works. The method of psychological analysis allowed us to consider the work through the prism of Sigmund Freud's concept of psychoanalysis. And the method of structural analysis made it possible to analyze different levels of the text. The main conclusion of the authors is that the entire narrative of the "Innocent" Gabriel D'Annuzio is a kind of allegory of the hero's growing up path. The hero of the novel, Count Tullio Ermil, was guided by the principle of pleasure, allowing himself to satisfy all his desires, the unconscious dominated the conscious in him, the censorship process was minimal, which led to the realization of repressed desires. The scientific novelty and new contribution of the authors lies in the fact that it was revealed that the murder of Raimondo ("innocent") is a ritual murder inherent in the initiation rite, as a result of which there is a detachment from the mode of the child and the acquisition of the mode of the adult. What is specific in the context of the novel is only that the victim is metaphorically also the murderer.