THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY: A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE LITERATURE

Spinal cord injury is the most disabling condition that affects ones life. 12,500 new cases of SCI are recorded each year in North America, according to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Centre. Depending upon the level of injury, quadriplegia or paraplegia is caused by SCI. Due to a lesion in the dorsal spine, Paraplegia is caused, while a lesion at the cervical level results in quadriplegia. Osteoporosis can develop in severe spinal cord injury. Due to immobilization, SCI patients develop long bone loading. Bone loss in SCI Subjects begins shortly after injury, as proved by some of the studies, whereas bone resorption was at its peak approximately three months after injury. Other factors that may involve bone loss are hormones like parathyroid,vitamin D3, sex steroids, thyroid hormone, and leptin. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand may be upregulated in SCI people as a result of serious bone resorption caused by neurological impairment and disability, according to studies, Molecular mechanisms, such as RANKL dysregulation and Wntsignaling disruption may also influence the pathophysiology of osteoporosis associated with SCI. Our study endeavors to address every facet of the contemporary cellular and physiological processes that lead to osteoporosis associated with SCI.