Biological sex and multilingualism: The interaction of risk and reserve for dementia

Previous mixed-sex studies have suggested that multilingualism may be a proxy for cognitive reserve delaying the onset of AD symptoms for approximately 4-5 years. Other studies have indicated that women are more affected by AD than men but that verbal memory may be a form of reserve for them. Here, we show that multilingualism and biological sex together may associate with increased neuropsychological performance even in the presence of MCI.