Integrating Thermal, Electrical, and Mechanical Dynamics in Thermoelectric Generators: A 3D Modeling Approach

This study aims to develop a comprehensive three-dimensional "thermal-flow-mechanical-electrical" model to analyze the temperature distribution and thermal stress patterns of annular thermoelectric elements in thermoelectric generators (TGT) under various operational conditions. By constructing a 3D model suitable for TGT within the COMSOL multiphysics simulation platform, the research integrates the complex interactions of thermal, electrical, mechanical, and fluid dynamics. The model's predictions closely align with experimental data, validating its effectiveness in simulating real-world conditions. The study identifies key configuration parameters affecting the efficiency and performance of thermoelectric elements and reveals nonlinear relationships between these parameters and performance metrics through numerical simulations. Both steady-state and transient analyses further elucidate the dynamic coupling mechanisms under fluctuating conditions encountered during LNG vaporization. The findings offer practical guidance for designing and optimizing thermoelectric generators and lay the foundation for future innovations in energy conversion and management.