Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on Immunoglobulin-G, Interleukin-10, and lymphocyte cells in children for prevention of COVID-19 infection

Background: Vitamin D is a modulator of the adaptive immune system. Vitamin D3 suppresses Th1 cell-mediated responses by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, also carried out through Vitamin D's interaction with the angiotensin-converting- enzyme-2 (ACE2) protein as the receptor for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid 19). This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on humoral immune response and cellular immune response in children and serum vitamin D levels after vitamin D3 supplementation at a dose of 1000 IU/day for 30 days. Methods: This experimental study with pre- and post-test-only groups was designed to observe the increase in vitamin D, immunoglobulin G (Ig-G), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and lymphocyte cell counts before and after vitamin D3 administration for 30 days. Sampling was carried out at SD 1 Desa Pandak Gede Kediri Tabanan with research time from December 2021-June 2022 Results: This study is an experimental study with a sample of grade V and grade VI elementary school children in Pandak Gede Village, Kediri, Tabanan and found 26 people (53.8%) were boys the mean age was 10.85 years. There is a significant difference in the average Vitamin D level before and after administering Vitamin D3 (p=0.000). There is no statistically significantly different level of immunoglobulin-G, interleukin-10, and lymphocyte count before and after giving Vitamin D3 with p=0.58,p=0.006, and p=0.132. Conclusion: COVID-19 was a respiratory illness. One of the important components that possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties is vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in COVID-19 high-risk populations, including the obese, smokers, and elderly. Following a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, vitamin D3 treatment was linked to a significant reduction in infection severity and can prevention of COVID-19 infection.