Research on Pricing Decisions in Closed-Loop Supply Chains Considering Member-Dominated Behavior

This paper considers member-dominated behavior in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) system and studies the optimal pricing strategies and maximum profits of express packaging manufacturers, express companies, and the entire CLSC in three scenarios: centralized decision-making pricing model, express packaging manufacturer-led model, and express company-led model. Through comprehensive comparison, it is found that the centralized decision-making pricing model maximizes the profits of the CLSC. The profit relationship between express companies and express packaging manufacturers is closely related to the difference in recovery activities, and the profits obtained by express companies are also closely related to the recovery price difference.