Exploring the potential of seaweed extract in paddy seed presoaking: A pathway to improve crop performance

Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important staple crop, and achieving high yield is closely linked to effective seed treatments. In this study, seeds of Improved Kavuni CO 57 were treated with seaweed extracts (SE) from Sargassum myricocystum (brown algae) and Kappaphycus alvarezii (red algae) at various concentrations to assess their impact on seed performance. The treated seeds were evaluated for physiological and biochemical improvements. Notably, seeds soaked in a 0.5% methanol extract of Sargassum myricocystum (T6) showed significant improvements compared to the control group, including a higher germination rate (94%), increased root length (19.51 cm), enhanced shoot length (9.29 cm), higher dry matter production (0.155 g/seedling), and a marked increase in seedling vigor index (2707). Biochemical analysis revealed significant enhancements in enzyme activities, with ?-amylase (2.41 mg maltose min?¹), catalase (3.15 µmol H?O? reduced min?¹ g?¹), and peroxidase (0.332 moles tetra guaiacol min?¹ g?¹) all exhibiting higher levels in treated seeds. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified key secondary metabolites in the treated seeds, with hexadecanoic acid (21.14%) and octadecanoic acid (10.86%) as dominant compounds. These compounds, known for their antimicrobial, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, suggest enhanced resilience in the treated plants. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of SE as a sustainable alternative to conventional seed treatments, offering a promising approach for enhancing crop growth and yield in organic and sustainable agricultural systems.