Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogenic Bacteria Isolated at Thierno Birahim Ndao Regional Hospital Center in Kaffrine (Senegal)

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is very common in hospital and community settings. This study aims to determine bacteriological profile and to study sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated at Thierno Birahim Ndao Regional Hospital Center in Kaffrine. Methods: A cross-sectional study with an epidemiological aim over a period of three years was conducted concerning all bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy hospitalised or outpatient. Culture was done according to the usual techniques and antibiogram was carried out by the method of diffusion disk in Mueller-Hinton agar medium according to the recommendations of EUCAST 2023. Results: A total of 537 samples were analysed from patients with an average age of 70 years, 61-80 age group was most represented with 75.8%. Samples came from outpatients (7.3%) and inpatients (92.7%), mainly from urology department (69.3%). Bacteriological study showed that enterobacteria were the most frequently isolated germs, including Escherichia coli (52.43%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.62%). With regard to antibiotic sensitivity of strains, out of a total of 172 enterobacteria (83.9%), 61.05% (n=105) produced an extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL), with a predominance of Escherichia coli (41.28%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.88%) (p<0.001). Antibiotic resistance in ESBLE over the three-year period revealed co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (80%), gentamicin (39.05%) and tobramycin (40%). Conclusion: Bacterial epidemiology of UTIs has not changed much in recent years, and remains dominated by Enterobacteriaceae. However, the level of antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly high, reaching worrying levels, particularly in relation to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones.