Current Aspects of Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Brazzaville University Hospital: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Objective: Determine the prevalence of non-pulmonary tuberculosis in the Infectious Diseases department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville and look for associated factors. Patients and Method: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study of non-pulmonary tuberculosis cases registered in the Infectious Diseases Department between January 2022 and October 2024, regardless of the serological status of patients who consented to the study. Results: 115 cases of non-pulmonary tuberculosis were recorded in patients with an average age of 41 ± 4 (17-73), who were female (61%), single (79%), urban dwellers (100%) and HIV-infected (95%). The average consultation time was 43.7 ± 4 (4-30) days for fever (78%), physical asthenia (65%), pallor (44%), AEG (41%). The main nonlung localizations were lymph node (31%), pleural (26%), peritoneal (20%), bone (12%) and meningeal (11%). Associated opportunistic infections were Toxoplasmosis (n=18), neuromeningeal Cryptococcosis (n=26), chronic diarrhea (n=17). The mean CD4 count was 139.8 ± 13 (16-439)/mm3. Abdominal ultrasound showed adenopathy (38%). Ascites fluid had more than 30 proteins (20%). Images of geodes and bone demineralization were present (12%). Patients were started on EHRZ followed by ART (TDF+FTC+DTG 100mg) within 2 weeks. Immune restoration was observed in 5 patients. Progression was favorable in 65% of cases. Death occurred in 35% of cases. Neurological location (p=0.001), age (p=0.0001) and anemia (p<0.006) were associated with death. Conclusion: Non-pulmonary tuberculosis remains common at Brazzaville University Hospital, in association with HIV infection. It is a pathology of immune restoration. Anemia remains the main complication of this co-infection. Prevention requires early detection and management of HIV infection.