Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Active Learning: A Novel Framework for Data Labeling in AI Systems

Modern AI algorithms require labeled data. In real world, majority of data are unlabeled. Labeling the data are costly. this is particularly true for some areas requiring special skills, such as reading radiology images by physicians. To most efficiently use expert's time for the data labeling, one promising approach is human-in-the-loop active learning algorithm. In this work, we propose a novel active learning framework with significant potential for application in modern AI systems. Unlike the traditional active learning methods, which only focus on determining which data point should be labeled, our framework also introduces an innovative perspective on incorporating different query scheme. We propose a model to integrate the information from different types of queries. Based on this model, our active learning frame can automatically determine how the next question is queried. We further developed a data driven exploration and exploitation framework into our active learning method. This method can be embedded in numerous active learning algorithms. Through simulations on five real-world datasets, including a highly complex real image task, our proposed active learning framework exhibits higher accuracy and lower loss compared to other methods.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of the American Statistical Association
Published
2026-05-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2026.2656455
Primary Topic
Data Stream Mining Techniques
Type
preprint
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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preprint

Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Active Learning: A Novel Framework for Data Labeling in AI Systems

Hao Fu, Yiran Huang, Jian-Feng Yang
1 links
Journal of the American Statistical Association
Data Stream Mining Techniques
preprint

Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Active Learning: A Novel Framework for Data Labeling in AI Systems

Hao Fu, Yiran Huang, Jian-Feng Yang
preprint en

Abstract

Modern AI algorithms require labeled data. In real world, majority of data are unlabeled. Labeling the data are costly. this is particularly true for some areas requiring special skills, such as reading radiology images by physicians. To most efficiently use expert's time for the data labeling, one promising approach is human-in-the-loop active learning algorithm. In this work, we propose a novel active learning framework with significant potential for application in modern AI systems. Unlike the traditional active learning methods, which only focus on determining which data point should be labeled, our framework also introduces an innovative perspective on incorporating different query scheme. We propose a model to integrate the information from different types of queries. Based on this model, our active learning frame can automatically determine how the next question is queried. We further developed a data driven exploration and exploitation framework into our active learning method. This method can be embedded in numerous active learning algorithms. Through simulations on five real-world datasets, including a highly complex real image task, our proposed active learning framework exhibits higher accuracy and lower loss compared to other methods.

Journal of the American Statistical Association
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US), Nankai University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 100%
Data Stream Mining Techniques
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