Dominant gut microbiota in gastric ulceration

Background: A gastric ulcer (GU) is a damage to the gaster's mucous layer that penetrates the muscular mucosa and is more than 5 mm in diameter. The study in Indonesia revealed that GU about 37.4% of the bleeding incidence in patients aged >60 years undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. The sequencing technology has strengthened the hypothesis that gastroduodenal diseases such as GU are not just the result of H. pylori infection, but that dysbiosis has a role to play. Methods : This study was conducted involving a suspected GU in 72 patients, who underwent endoscopy from December 2023 to March 2024. 56 people met the research inclusion criteria used in this study. The participants signed an informed consent form. We analyzed the types of microbiota by extracting DNA samples from gastric tissue biopsies using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method to identify the most dominant microbiota. Result : The distribution of microbiota in gastric ulcers revealed that the most prevalent species were E. coli and S. maltophilia, each at 17.9%, followed by Acinetobacter sp and Prevotella sp at 12.5% each. E. cloacae accounted for 10.7%, K. pneumoniae for 8.9%, and Bacteroidetes sp for 3.6%. The species Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Atlantibacter subterranea, Burkholderia sp, Citrobacter freundii, Leclercia adecarboxylata strain, Rahnella sp, Salmonella enterica, Segatella oris, and Streptomyces sp each represented 1.8%. Conclusion: In gastric ulcers, the dominant microbiota are E. coli, S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter sp., Prevotella sp., E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, and Bacteroidetes sp.