Bacteria applied to cement as an alternative against cracking in buildings: a systematic literature review

This research aims to carry out a comprehensive review of the scientific and technical literature related to the application of bacteria as an innovative and sustainable alternative to prevent and repair cracks in concrete structures used in real estate. The problem of cracks in concrete constructions is widely recognised as a critical challenge in the construction industry, with implications for structural integrity, aesthetics and maintenance costs. In the context of this study, emphasis will be placed on identifying the main species of bacteria with potential application in construction, as well as investigating the biotechnological mechanisms underlying the healing of cracks by these microorganisms. The production of calcium carbonate by the bacteria, which fills cracks and strengthens the concrete matrix, will be addressed in detail. In addition, case studies illustrating the effectiveness of bacteria in different environmental conditions and concrete compositions will be analysed, providing a comprehensive overview of the practical applications of this approach. Safety and regulatory aspects involving the use of microorganisms in construction environments will also be considered. This study seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the biological healing of cracks in concrete structures, highlighting its potential to improve the durability of buildings, reduce maintenance costs and promote sustainable construction practices. It is hoped that the results of this systematic literature review will provide valuable lessons for researchers, construction professionals and others interested in the field of civil engineering and biotechnology applied to construction.