Hybrid cogeneration-photovoltaic systems to reduce energy costs and carbon footprint in large shopping malls

Shopping malls are significant energy consumers due to their size, operational complexity, and the need to maintain comfortable environments for high foot traffic. This study investigates the energy demand of a large shopping mall in Brazil, comparing the economic and environmental impacts of using a diesel generator versus the national grid to meet energy needs. Despite high residential electricity tariffs, reliance on the national grid remains more cost-effective than diesel generators. To address both cost and sustainability challenges, the study proposes an optimized hybrid energy solution integrating cogeneration with photovoltaic (PV) energy generation. In this system, a diesel generator powers an absorption chiller to meet the mall's cooling demand, while solar power supplements the electricity supply. Advanced simulation tools, such as NPro and PVSOL, were employed to model energy demand and evaluate the proposed system's performance. Although the hybrid system requires a higher initial investment, its long-term benefits include lower operational costs, reduced reliance on diesel generators, and a significant decrease in carbon emissions. This approach not only aligns with global decarbonization goals but also demonstrates financial viability. By bridging the gap between economic feasibility and environmental responsibility, the study highlights the potential of hybrid systems as a sustainable and efficient energy solution for energy-intensive commercial spaces, offering a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.