Comparison of Rotary and Manual Techniques for Pulpectomy Treatment in Primary Teeth

Aim: Primary teeth present anatomical and morphological challenges during endodontic procedures. Rotary file systems were recently developed to overcome these endodontic challenges with primary teeth and to reduce the treatment period. The use of rotary file systems is increasingly popular as an alternative to conventional manual techniques. The introduction of several file systems raises the question of whether there are any appreciable variations in success rates. The objective of this review is to analyze multiple current studies that compare the use of rotary and manual instruments concerning the following subtopics: antimicrobial activity, quality of obturation, cleaning efficiency and instrumentation time, clinical and radiographic success, assessment of post-operative discomfort, and extrusion of apical debris. Material and Methods: The last five years' worth of publications (2018-2023) was the main focus of the literature review. The Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched using the primary search phrases. This review examined case reports, in vitro studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic review studies that investigated the use of manual and rotary file systems in primary teeth. Results: The outcomes of studies comparing rotary and manual instrument systems across various categories have been provided. Conclusion: This review will guide to dentists under various criteria in evaluating the benefits and possible causes of different instrument systems used during and after the pulpectomy treatment applied to primary teeth.