Recent Advancements in Ergonomic Risk Assessment: Integration of Artificial Intelligence, Wearable Technology, and Industry-Specific Approaches

Ergonomic risk assessment is crucial in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) across various industries. Traditional methods, while effective, have limitations, such as reliance on manual observations and a lack of real-time monitoring. Recent technological advancements, including artificial intelligence (AI), wearable sensors, and industry-specific solutions, are addressing these gaps. AI and machine learning techniques enable real-time data analysis, providing more accurate and proactive ergonomic assessments. Wearable technology, such as inertial measurement units and pressure sensors, offers continuous monitoring of worker movements and postures, helping to prevent injuries in sectors like healthcare, construction, and manufacturing. These tools also allow for personalized ergonomic interventions by assessing individual risk factors in real-time. Industry-specific approaches have also emerged, particularly in high-risk fields such as healthcare and mining, where the integration of ergonomic and psychosocial stressors provides a comprehensive risk assessment model. In addition to physical ergonomics, advancements now incorporate psychosocial factors, addressing issues like organizational culture and job stress, which significantly influence musculoskeletal health. Finally, technological innovations such as simulation and modeling tools further enhance ergonomic assessments by simulating worker movements and identifying high-risk postures. However, challenges remain in standardizing these tools and integrating them into existing workflows. The evolution of ergonomic risk assessments towards more automated, precise, and real-time systems promises to reduce WMSDs and improve overall workplace safety.