Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticataleptic Activity on Methanol Seed Extract of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>: An <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Study

Background: Cannabis sativa (CS) has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. However, its potential anticataleptic activity remains unexplored. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the qualitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticataleptic activity of methanolic seed extract of Cannabis sativa (CSCME). Methods: The antioxidant activity of CSCME was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Antibacterial properties were assessed using the agar well diffusion method. For the anticataleptic study, Wistar albino rats (n=30) were divided into five groups: control, disease control (haloperidol 1mg/kg), standard treatment (haloperidol 1mg/kg + trihexyphenidyl 1mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving haloperidol 1mg/kg with CSCME (10mg/kg and 20mg/kg). Treatments were administered daily for 15 days, and catalepsy severity was assessed using the block and metal bar methods. Results: CSCME exhibited significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity comparable to commercial drugs. In vivo, results showed a significant reduction in cataleptic scores in treatment groups (P<0.05) compared to disease control. Notably, the 20mg/kg CSCME group demonstrated similar reductions in cataleptic scores as the trihexyphenidyl group (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CSCME possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticataleptic activities, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing catalepsy and other neurological disorders. The findings warrant further investigation into the clinical applications of CSCME.