CPW-fed fractal slot antenna for microwave biosensing applications

A primary focus in biosensing applications has been on using microwave signals for wirelessly sensing life activities, capturing the interest of experts in radar systems and healthcare. Innovations like embedded DSP, FMCW radar, and deep learning algorithms have emerged from this research, extending applications to the Internet of Things (IoT), occupancy sensing, and security authentication. Future research emphasizes the need for cost-effective solutions, particularly in antenna design, which should be simple, compact, wideband, and easy to manufacture.The antennas used in these applications should be easy to manufacture on a PCB, and since they involve sensitive electronics, the front-to-back ratio on radiation pattern must be below 20 dB. This paper proposes a wideband antenna with a reflector that meets these criteria. Given its use in radars for biosensing applications, it is essential that the mutual coupling between two antennas placed side by side is less than -25 dB. Measurements of this antenna's parameters were conducted at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, which is the range for its intended use.