Development and Optimization of Gas Sensors for Ammonia detection

With the rise of Industry 4.0, smart gas sensors have become indispensable tools across a wide range of sectors, including chemical industries, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. These sensors enable faster, more accurate, and autonomous detection of hazardous gases, enhancing both safety and operational efficiency in industrial processes. In this paper, we focus on the development of sensors for gas detection, with a particular emphasis on ammonia (NH3), a commonly used industrial gas that poses significant risks in the event of leaks. To address this, we designed a sensor based on a patch antenna with a cavity optimized to operate at a reference frequency of approximately 10 GHz. This design was chosen to maximize the sensor’s sensitivity to changes in gas concentration. Our initial tests produced promising results, demonstrating frequency shifts of 80 MHz, 240 MHz, and 320 MHz in response to NH3 concentrations of 10 ppm, 40 ppm, and 50 ppm, respectively.