Una revisión del diseño, confiabilidad y validez de encuestas empleadas para medir la percepción de la gestión de riesgos empresariales

The purpose of the study was to analyze the design, reliability and validity of the measurement instruments used to obtain the perception of enterprise risk management. The methodology was qualitative, implementing the PRISMA protocol. The sample consisted of 28 studies in Spanish and English, retrieved from the Science Direct, DOAJ and Google Scholar databases published during the period 2005 to 2024. The inclusion criteria were: 1) scientific articles; 2) non-compliance with evidence of design, content validity, construct validity and reliability; and 3) the keywords risk management, ERM and companies, as well as in the English language. The results show that the sectors that are most studied through the application of surveys are the business and stock market sectors. Among the main findings, these studies show deficiencies in the design of the surveys, and are limited to only presenting evidence of reliability, omitting in their entirety the statistical processes that account for scientific rigor. It is concluded that they lack an integral validity process, so that the results lose representativeness and applicability, lacking scientific rigor. Likewise, by executing an adequate validation process, solid data are obtained, the construct, the theory and the data have a relationship, effectiveness in the strategies and quality in the information for decision making. However, it is important to complement with other aspects such as cultural adaptation, organizational contexts, and to evaluate the survey with sensitivity analysis and predictive capacity.