Study The Effects of Torrents and Floods on Agricultural land In El –Manaqil City Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

The study area (City of Manaqil), which is located in Gezira State in central Sudan, at an altitude of 412 meters (1351 feet) above sea level, and its coordinates (14 ? 14' 48 N 32' 59' 10' E) with a total area of 6250 is characterized as an agricultural and industrial city and a commercial center, which contributed to increasing population density, and is characterized by heavy rain, The month of August of the year 2022 witnessed a flood in the city of Al-Manaqil. Floods are the most dangerous type of extreme weather. A flood is a flood of water that floods dry land and can be sudden or gradual. resulting in loss of life and human property and economic damage through the cessation of all livelihoods, the sinking of most agricultural land, and other damage. The ArcMap app was used within the Arc GIS 10.8 system to address and predict flood risks, assess hydrological characteristics, determine natural flow, and basic watershed procedures. Topographic analysis was carried out to determine the topography of the study area. The study revealed that the Manaqil plateau, which is the area through which the Megher Shawwal contour and its drain pass, which are more than two hundred kilometers long. The capacity of the Shawwal drain did not absorb the amount of heavy rainfall that year, which led to flooding in the agricultural lands and villages surrounding the plateau due to its very low terrain. A set of solutions was proposed, including the work of programming irrigation water, taking advantage of rain by conducting water harvesting projects and preventing floods, and studying the design of a drainage system for flood-affected areas.