The history of modern commercial aircraft focuses on technical developments, sustainable growth and efficiency.

Aviation, an expanding industry, with demand today more than at any point in history, dominates the lives of people, firms, trade, and economies, primarily due to its high transport efficiency. The development of modern aviation trails back from the earliest dreams of flying to the sophisticated, advanced, and environmentally conscious aircraft today. This revolution in technology and sustainability marks significant improvements in various aspects, with the work of many researchers in the past century and beyond. As fundamental subjects proceed to advance, other subjects such as material science, propulsion studies, and aviation chemistry will continue to boost, while new ideas that potentially improve future aircrafts pop up. It seems that it is essential to have a peek back in history, about how the simple structure of fabric and wood comes to be this massive creature in the sky today. After that, this trend in development would head toward a better way, picturing a more preferable future for this industry. This paper explores and provides an overview of the details of this journey, tracing back to the very first aircraft created, to the new technologies of the 21st century.